Tackling Terrorism in Africa: Dr. Justin Uloho’s Vision for Education and Regional Action

Dr. Justin Oberhiri Uloho is a scholar, security expert and politician; he focuses on non-traditional security issues, particularly Boko Haram’s terrorism in Nigeria, analysing its tactics, media influence, and severe impact on women and children.

This interview has been authorised for publication by Dr. Justin Oberhiri Uloho.

SPCIS: In your extensive expertise, what constitutes the definition of terrorism, along with its various types and the causal factors contributing to its emergence?  

Dr. Justin Oberhiri Uloho: The definition of terrorism varies widely and can be defined based on the occurrences and background in a particular terrain, region or country. There is no universally accepted definition of terrorism due to the differences in agendas and viewpoints. For instance, the type of terrorism that has been occurring in the United States of America is different from the type of terrorism witnessed in some parts of the Middle East. Likewise, the type of terrorism that has been occurring in the Northern part of Nigeria is different from the militancy that was once a significant threat in the Niger Delta region of Nigeia. Thus, terrorism is considered an act of violence against the people, society, government and destruction of properties and the environment with a mission of getting the attention of key stakeholders across the globe. The shades of terrorism are ever evolving and changing based on factors such as politics, religion, prejudice, poverty, marginalisation, etc. The most common type of terrorism is Islamic extremism/terrorism, which is fundamentally rooted in the Islamic faith because of its link to Jihadism.

 

SPCIS: Based on your research, how has the Nigerian government's approach to media management influenced Boko Haram's activities within the country?

Dr. Justin Oberhiri Uloho: Initially, the Nigerian government did not restrict or manage the media's approach to reporting on Boko Haram and its operations; it was a costly mistake as the sect took advantage of its fast-rising popularity triggered by the media to carry out attacks several times, daily. The sect became more daring because they knew they were manipulating the media to create further havoc, irrespective of the severity of the attacks. But lately, the Media houses have learnt from their mistakes, and the Nigerian government seems to be more in control in the fight against terrorism, as the government is excelling in the war against Boko Haram. However, the primary victory is against Boko Haram only, and not its offshoots and splinter groups that now have a presence across Northern Nigeria. Hence, terrorism and the media are intertwined. The terrorist desperately needs the media to advance their cause.

SPCIS: How do you think the existing measures to tackle terrorism and what role can national and regional organisations play in tackling terrorism?

Dr. Justin Oberhiri Uloho: The conventional means of warfare remains the primary way of combating terrorists. However, new measures to tackle terrorism should be a continuous process because of the volatile nature of terrorism. In other words, an in-depth study of the phenomenon of terrorism should also be an ever-evolving one. Thus, people with the proper education and exposure concerning terrorism should be in high demand. Without knowledge about terrorism, it will be difficult to combat it properly. Therefore, the government needs to invest more in the education and training of individuals who are willing to take on leadership roles, as well as train, equip, supervise, and conduct further research on terrorism.

Additionally, due to the ever-evolving nature of terrorism, it is crucial that the government invest heavily in training and equipping locals. Indigenous researchers and academics with a passion for further learning about terrorism should be encouraged, supported and protected because they know their people and locality better. In the long run, it will go a long way in forecasting the new dimensions and forms that can emerge from both traditional and unconventional terrorism patterns. These proactive steps will bring new solutions once the prediction and strategy are correct.

SPCIS: Considering your academic and professional journey, what advice would you offer to emerging scholars and practitioners in the field of Counterterrorism, particularly those interested in African politics?

 

Dr. Justin Oberhiri Uloho: The journey has been turbulent and stressful due to the paucity of information, lack of interest and lack of investment in terrorism studies in Africa. However, I urge aspiring African scholars in the field of terrorism and counterterrorism studies not to be deterred by the lack of foresight of some African leaders. As a counterterrorism researcher, you may not be relevant today, but Africa will certainly need you tomorrow. Therefore, be prepared at all times and wait patiently; Africa will soon come looking for you because terrorism is extensive, unpredictable and can be sporadic.