Tanty S Reinhart Thamrin: Topics on Maritime Security and Women Leadership

Tanty S Reinhart Thamrin

Tanty S Reinhart Thamrin, born in Makassar, September 17, 1975 is an expert in incident and disaster risk management, gender analyst, conflict-negotiation-management analyst, emergency management and Rescue Search at sea. For the past 19 years, she has experience working in the fields of project management, field research programs, emergency and disaster, as well as recovery and capacity building programs.

She is also a professional who works in the field of civil-military collaboration in the handling of natural disasters in Indonesia, including earthquakes in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara and Palu, Central Sulawesi.

SPCIS：In your work at the UNODC, particularly in the field of maritime security, you must have been involved in complex international cooperation. Given the current challenging global maritime security situation, how do you think the international community should strengthen cooperation in terms of technology and legal frameworks to address the challenges of transnational maritime crimes and illicit activities?

Tanty S Reinhart Thamrin: In my experience working with UNODC in the field of maritime security, I have witnessed firsthand the complexities of international cooperation in addressing transnational maritime crimes and illicit activities. Strengthening cooperation, in my view, requires a multifaceted approach that integrates technological innovation, robust legal frameworks, and genuine multilateral collaboration.

Firstly, technology plays a crucial role in enhancing maritime surveillance, information sharing, and rapid response capabilities. Advanced satellite monitoring, real-time data analytics, and blockchain for secure cargo tracking are vital tools for improving transparency and accountability across international waters. Investment in these technologies not only enhances detection but also enables swift action against threats.

Secondly, legal frameworks must be harmonized and strengthened. Many maritime crimes cross multiple jurisdictions, creating legal grey areas that hinder effective prosecution. I believe the international community should work towards unifying legal standards through binding agreements that promote cooperation, intelligence sharing, and mutual legal assistance. Mechanisms like UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) should be reinforced and modernized to address emerging threats such as cyber piracy and environmental crimes at sea.

Thirdly, collaborative multi-stakeholder efforts are essential for effective maritime security. Maritime surveillance, information sharing, and rapid response capabilities are significantly enhanced when governments, international organizations, the private sector, local communities, and civil society work together. Multi-stakeholder partnerships enable real time intelligence exchange, coordinated patrols, and shared resources that strengthen collective maritime governance. For example, regional initiatives like the Malacca Strait Patrol and the Djibouti Code of Conduct demonstrate how cooperation among states and partners can effectively deter piracy and trafficking.

Finally, cooperation should not only be state-centric but inclusive of non-state actors, including local communities, maritime industry stakeholders, and civil society organizations. Empowering these groups to participate in decision-making processes can enhance resilience and local enforcement, which are critical for sustainable maritime security. In essence, addressing the challenges of transnational maritime crimes requires a cooperative spirit grounded in technological advancement, legal harmonization, and inclusive governance. A collaborative, multi-stakeholder approach amplifies collective security, making international waters safer and more secure for all.

SPCIS: You have held leadership roles within diverse teams, driving cooperation and innovation in high-risk environments. How do you view the increasing participation of women in the international security field? In your opinion, what unique advantages do female leaders bring when addressing non-traditional security issues (such as disaster management, climate change, conflict mediation, etc.)?

Tanty S Reinhart Thamrin: From my experience leading diverse teams in high-risk environments, particularly in maritime security operations, I have seen firsthand the powerful impact of women's participation in the international security field. In maritime security—a domain historically dominated by men—the increasing involvement of women is reshaping the landscape with fresh perspectives and innovative approaches.

Women leaders bring unique strengths to maritime security operations. Their emphasis on collaborative problem-solving, attention to detail, and community-centered approaches enhances both the effectiveness and inclusivity of security strategies. In areas like maritime surveillance, anti-piracy measures, and countering illicit trafficking, women’s involvement has proven to strengthen intelligence gathering, improve community trust, and foster more resilient security networks.

However, women's leadership in maritime security is not without its challenges. Cultural biases, limited access to training and mentorship, and structural barriers often hinder women from advancing in this field. The perception that maritime security is "too dangerous" or "too demanding" for women can discourage participation and limit career growth. Additionally, policies and infrastructures in maritime operations are often not designed with gender inclusivity in mind, making it harder for women to thrive in these roles.

To overcome these challenges, I believe in three key strategies:

1. Capacity Building and Mentorship – Establishing robust training programs and mentorship opportunities tailored for women in maritime security can bridge knowledge gaps and build confidence. Women should have access to the same advanced training in navigation, maritime law enforcement, and crisis response as their male counterparts.

   
   

2. Policy Advocacy and Institutional Reform – Promoting gender-inclusive policies within maritime institutions can remove barriers to women's participation. This includes advocating for maternity protections, gender-sensitive facilities, and anti discrimination measures in maritime workplaces.

   
   

3. Community Engagement and Awareness-Changing mindsets at the community and institutional levels is crucial. Engaging with local communities to recognize and support women in security roles helps shift perceptions and opens up pathways for broader acceptance.

I am convinced that empowering women in maritime security is not just a matter of gender equality—it is a strategic move towards stronger, more resilient maritime governance. When women lead, the sector benefits from enhanced cooperation, innovative solutions, and a deeper commitment to inclusive security practices.

SPCIS: You mentioned that “maritime security is the next level of challenge.” In your view, what are the biggest structural barriers women face in maritime law enforcement? Are these barriers more related to institutional culture, professional technical barriers, or deeper societal gender role expectations? How do you view possible pathways to breaking down these obstacles?

Tanty S Reinhart Thamrin: In my experience working within maritime security and observing the dynamics of law enforcement at sea, I truly believe that maritime security represents the next level of challenge—not only in terms of global security threats but also in breaking down barriers for women’s leadership and participation. The structural barriers women face in maritime law enforcement are complex and multilayered, rooted in three primary areas: institutional culture, professional technical barriers, and societal gender role expectations.

a.Institutional Culture: One of the most significant barriers is the deeply ingrained institutional culture within maritime security agencies, which have traditionally been male-dominated. Leadership structures, decision-making processes, and operational protocols are often designed with little consideration for gender inclusivity. This environment can create challenges for women in terms of acceptance, career advancement, and equal opportunities for training and field deployment. Women in maritime security sometimes encounter skepticism regarding their capabilities in highrisk operations like interdiction missions, anti-piracy actions, and search-and-rescue efforts. This bias is not only discouraging but also limits their access to critical assignments that are essential for career progression. Additionally, policies around work-life balance, maternity leave, and gender-sensitive facilities are often inadequate, making it harder for women to fully participate.

b. Professional Technical Barriers: Technical barriers also play a significant role. Maritime law enforcement requires specialized skills in navigation, vessel boarding, maritime law, and crisis response. Women often have less access to hands-on training and mentorship in these areas due to structural inequalities and limited recruitment into technical roles. This gap in technical proficiency is not due to a lack of capability, but rather the result of unequal access to capacity-building opportunities. Moreover, equipment and infrastructure are frequently designed without consideration for women’s safety and comfort. For example, long deployments at sea often lack gender-sensitive living arrangements, which can deter women from pursuing or continuing careers in maritime security.

c.Societal Gender Role Expectations: Beyond institutional and technical barriers, deeper societal expectations regarding gender roles also influence women's participation in maritime security. In many communities, there is still a perception that maritime work is too physically demanding or risky for women, reinforcing stereotypes that maritime law enforcement is a "man's job." This mindset can limit support from families and communities, further discouraging women from entering the field.

To overcome these barriers, I believe that creating an enabling environment is key. This involves a coordinated approach that addresses institutional, technical, and societal dimensions:

a. Institutional Reform and Gender Policies: Maritime agencies should implement gender-sensitive policies that actively promote women’s participation in training, leadership, and field operations. This includes gender quotas for recruitment, fair promotion pathways, and family-friendly work policies.

b. Capacity Building and Mentorship Programs: Establishing technical training programs specifically designed for women can bridge the skills gap. Mentorship from senior women leaders in maritime security can also provide guidance, support, and motivation for younger women entering the field.

c. Inclusive Infrastructure and Safe Work Environments: Ships and maritime facilities must be designed with women in mind, ensuring safe living quarters, accessible sanitary facilities, and protective measures for long deployments at sea.

d. Community Engagement and Awareness Campaigns: Changing perceptions requires engagement with communities to recognize and support women’s roles in maritime security. Highlighting success stories of women leaders in this field can inspire others and challenge gender stereotypes.

e. International Cooperation and Knowledge Sharing: Global partnerships, like those facilitated by UNODC, can help share best practices and build collective capacity to support women in maritime roles. Joint training exercises and multinational dialogues can also help normalize women’s participation.

SPCIS: In your collaboration with the Australia Awards program and various Indonesian security agencies, how do you see the role of cross-national cooperation in enhancing the capacity of female security officers from developing countries? Are there any specific cross-cultural practices or exchanges that you believe are particularly effective in fostering female leadership?

Tanty S Reinhart Thamrin: My collaboration with the Australia Awards (AAI) program has been a transformative experience that deepened my understanding of the critical role cross-national cooperation plays in empowering female security officers, particularly from developing countries like Indonesia. Through AAI’s Women’s Leadership in the Security Sector Short Course, I had the invaluable opportunity to engage in deep, meaningful discussions with high-ranking female officers from the Australian Defence Force (ADF), Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA), Cyber Security divisions, the Australian Defence College, the Australian War College, as well as experts from Deakin University. These interactions were not only eye-opening but also inspiring, as they allowed me to learn directly from women and experts who have navigated complex security environments with resilience and strategic insight.

Cross-national cooperation creates a powerful platform for sharing best practices, building strategic networks, and enhancing technical capacities for women in security. The AAI program exemplifies this by facilitating direct engagement between Indonesian female officers and their Australian counterparts. This kind of cooperation allows for the exchange of not just technical skills, but also critical leadership strategies that are essential for thriving in security sectors often dominated by traditional power structures.

During my engagement with senior female leaders and experts from AFMA, Cyber Security divisions, the Australian Defence College, and the Australian War College, I was struck by their strong emphasis on inclusive leadership, strategic decision-making, and communityfocused security approaches. These discussions revealed how gender-sensitive policies and inclusive institutional cultures can pave the way for women’s advancement in defense, maritime security, and cyber operations. Additionally, insights from Deakin University experts enriched my understanding of gender mainstreaming in security studies, offering academic perspectives that complemented field-based experiences.

I found several cross-cultural practices particularly effective in fostering female leadership:

a. Mentorship and Peer Learning: The structured mentorship programs within the ADF and Australian Defence College are standout examples. Senior women officers actively mentor junior ones, offering guidance and practical advice on navigating challenges. This mentorship culture could be a game-changer if adopted within Indonesian security institutions, helping to break the cycle of limited female representation.

b. Joint Training Exercises and Simulations: Collaborative simulations and joint maritime security exercises facilitated by AFMA and the Australian War College enable practical learning and capacity building. These experiences help bridge knowledge gaps and provide a real-world understanding of crisis response, maritime law enforcement, and fisheries protection.

c. Policy Dialogue and Knowledge Sharing: Through AAI, I participated in policy dialogues that emphasized gender mainstreaming, cyber security resilience, and security sector reform. Learning how Australian institutions integrate gender perspectives into their policies gave me insights into practical strategies that could be applied back home to improve gender inclusivity in maritime law enforcement.

d. Creating Safe Spaces for Female Leadership Discussions: One of the most impactful elements of my AAI experience was the creation of safe spaces where women leaders could openly discuss challenges, successes, and lessons learned. These dialogues— particularly with women from Cyber Security and AFMA—were not only empowering but also fostered solidarity and collective problem-solving.

I believe that cross-national cooperation should be deepened and expanded. Establishing bilateral training programs, joint task forces, and policy exchange initiatives focused on women in maritime security would strengthen the capacities of female officers in Indonesia. Enhanced cooperation with institutions like the Australian Defence College, Australian War College, AFMA, and Cyber Security divisions could provide critical technical expertise, while continued partnerships with Deakin University could support research and capacity-building in gender-inclusive leadership.

The Australia Awards program has proven that when women are given the opportunity to learn from global counterparts, it not only strengthens their technical and leadership skills but also inspires a vision of what is possible. I am committed to carrying forward these lessons to build a more inclusive and resilient maritime security sector in Indonesia.

SPCIS: How do you envision the role of gender equality in maritime governance in Indonesia and the broader Asia-Pacific region over the next decade? Is it possible to integrate more feminist security principles, such as “care” and “human-centered safety,” into the current maritime security framework that is predominantly based on deterrence and enforcement?

Tanty S Reinhart Thamrin: I envision gender equality playing an increasingly vital role in maritime governance in Indonesia and the broader Asia-Pacific region over the next decade. Maritime security has traditionally been framed around deterrence and enforcement—an approach driven largely by military and law enforcement mechanisms. While this is crucial for addressing immediate threats like piracy, trafficking, and territorial disputes, it often overlooks the deeper, community-centered aspects of security that are equally important for sustainable peace and resilience.

To truly enhance maritime governance, I believe there must be a paradigm shift towards integrating feminist security principles, such as care and human-centered safety. These principles emphasize the protection of human lives, livelihoods, and ecosystems, recognizing that security is not just about state sovereignty but also about community resilience and human dignity. In Indonesia, where millions rely on the sea for their daily survival— fishermen, coastal communities, and small-scale traders—security must go beyond deterrence. It should protect not just borders, but people.

Feminist security principles can help address the underlying vulnerabilities of these communities, including the threats posed by climate change, environmental degradation, and illegal fishing. For example, a human-centered safety approach would prioritize local capacity building, community-based surveillance, and the empowerment of women in coastal communities as active agents of security. Women in these communities often serve as first responders during maritime disasters, yet their voices are rarely integrated into decision-making processes.

Of course, there are barriers to this vision. Maritime governance in Indonesia is still heavily centralized, with decision-making dominated by military and law enforcement agencies. Gender inclusivity is often seen as secondary to "hard security" concerns, and women’s participation remains limited in high-level maritime decision-making bodies.

However, I believe that meaningful change is possible through three strategic pathways:

a. Institutional Reform and Gender Mainstreaming: Maritime institutions must begin to integrate gender perspectives into their policies and operations. This includes increasing the representation of women in leadership roles within maritime law enforcement, the Indonesian Coast Guard (BAKAMLA), and fisheries management authorities.

b.Community-Based Maritime Security: Feminist principles of care and communitycentered governance can be applied through localized maritime surveillance networks. Women, who often have strong networks in coastal communities, can play a key role in reporting illegal activities, managing community response to maritime disasters, and strengthening local resilience.

c.Cross-National Learning and Capacity Building: Regional cooperation with countries that have made strides in gender-inclusive maritime security—like Australia through its initiatives with the Australian Fisheries Management Authority and the Australian Defence Force—can provide valuable models for integrating feminist security principles into maritime governance.

I believe that integrating care and human-centered safety into maritime governance is not only possible but necessary. It will require collective effort, a shift in policy thinking, and the courage to challenge traditional security norms. If Indonesia and its neighbors in the Asia-Pacific region embrace this approach, maritime governance could evolve to not only secure borders but also protect people, livelihoods, and the environment in a more holistic and inclusive way.

This is the future of maritime security I envision—one where women are leaders, communities are empowered, and security means more than just defense; it means dignity, resilience, and shared prosperity.